Andorra is a small landlocked country located in the eastern Pyrenees Mountains between France and Spain. Its history can be traced back to the 8th century, when it was ruled by the Moors. In the 9th century, Charlemagne incorporated the region into the Carolingian Empire. In the 11th century, Andorra became a feudal state, with two co-princes: the bishop of Urgell in Spain and the French head of state, who was initially the count of Foix and later the French president.

Throughout the centuries, Andorra was known for its strategic location and was frequently fought over by its neighboring countries. In the 19th century, Andorra remained neutral during the Napoleonic Wars but was briefly occupied by France in 1812. In 1866, Andorra officially became a sovereign state under a new constitution, with the two co-princes retaining their positions.

During the Spanish Civil War, Andorra remained neutral and became a popular smuggling route for refugees and goods. In World War II, it again remained neutral and served as a safe haven for refugees.

In 1993, Andorra adopted a new constitution that established it as a parliamentary democracy, with the two co-princes remaining as ceremonial heads of state. Today, Andorra has a mixed economy with tourism as its main industry, due to its scenic beauty and ski resorts.

Andorra is known for its political stability, low taxes, and high standard of living. The country is not a member of the European Union, but it uses the euro as its official currency. Despite its small size, Andorra has managed to preserve its unique culture and language, with Catalan being its official language